Nginx反向代理配置

修改Nginx配置文件（通常位于/etc/nginx/nginx.conf或/etc/nginx/sites-available/default），在server块中添加以下配置：

location / {
    proxy_pass http://backend_server;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}

将backend_server替换为实际的后端服务器地址（如http://192.168.1.100:8080）。关键指令说明：

• proxy_pass：定义后端服务器地址
• proxy_set_header：转发必要的客户端信息

Nginx负载均衡配置

在http块中添加upstream模块定义服务器组：

upstream backend {
    server 192.168.1.101:8080;
    server 192.168.1.102:8080;
    server 192.168.1.103:8080;
}

server {
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://backend;
    }
}

负载均衡策略配置方法：

• 轮询（默认）：每个请求按时间顺序分配到不同服务器
• 加权轮询：server 192.168.1.101:8080 weight=3;
• IP哈希：ip_hash;指令保持用户会话
• 最少连接：least_conn;指令优先分配连接数少的服务器

高级配置参数

upstream backend {
    least_conn;
    server 192.168.1.101:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    server 192.168.1.102:8080 backup;
    keepalive 32;
}

健康检查机制通过max_fails和fail_timeout实现，backup参数标记备用服务器。keepalive保持与后端的长连接。

HTTPS反向代理配置

server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    ssl_certificate /path/to/cert.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /path/to/key.pem;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://backend;
        proxy_ssl_verify off;
    }
}

性能调优参数

proxy_buffering on;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 8 16k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 24k;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;
proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
proxy_read_timeout 600s;

缓存配置示例

proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx levels=1:2 keys_zone=my_cache:10m inactive=60m;

server {
    location / {
        proxy_cache my_cache;
        proxy_cache_valid 200 302 10m;
        proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;
    }
}

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配置完成后执行nginx -t测试配置，然后systemctl reload nginx重新加载配置。监控日志文件/var/log/nginx/access.log和/var/log/nginx/error.log排查问题。