一文搞定 Linux 磁盘故障、RAID 阵列与 LVM 逻辑卷
本文包含两个技术案例：1) SSH连接故障排查：通过检查网络连接、IP配置和SSH服务状态，解决了xshell无法连接服务器的问题；2) Linux磁盘空间管理：针对三种空间不足情况（大文件占用、删除文件后空间未释放、大量小文件占用）提供了解决方案，包括查找删除大文件、终止占用进程、处理inode耗尽问题等。案例详细展示了命令操作过程，如使用df、find、lsof等工具进行诊断和修复。
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实验
排故：xshell无法通过ssh连接10.1.8.10服务器。
环境准备：
[root@server ~ 19:38:06]# nmcli device disconnect ens32
vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
断开网络并设置仅主机模式
- xshell 连接服务器，提示如下：
bash Connecting to 10.1.8.10:22...
发现网络存在问题。
可能的原因：
服务器的网络未连接，还有可能是连接到错误的交换机。
连接网卡
服务器的IP地址未正确配置。
- 先查看物理连接，发现：网卡未连接，其次网卡模式是仅主机，修复这两个问题。修复完成后，问题依旧。
- 再次查看服务器的IP地址，发现网卡没有IP地址，尝试激活网卡配置，提示不受管理。nmcli networking on，启用。再次激活成功。
此时windows可以ping同服务器了。
- xshell 再次连接服务，提示信息如下：
bash Connecting to 10.1.8.10:22... Could not connect to '10.1.8.10' (port 22): Connection failed.
可能的原因：sshd服务未启动或者防火墙拦截（不考虑防火墙问题）。
vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
#找到对应报错行之后修改并允许root登录
#重启sshd服务
systemcrtl restart sshd
Linux 硬盘分区管理
综合案例：文件系统空间不足
情况1：大量的大文件占用空间
准备环境
[root@server ~ 09:43:47]# parted /dev/sdb mklabel gpt
[root@server ~ 09:44:22]# parted /dev/sdb unit MiB mkpart data01 xfs 1 2049
[root@server ~ 09:54:20]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=131072 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=524288, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
#创建一个大文件
[root@server ~ 09:56:53]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/myapp-1/etc/bigfile bs=1M count=2000
原因：大文占用大量空间。
解决方法：找到文件后删除。
#用df查看
[root@server ~ 09:57:10]# df -h /myapp-1/
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sdb1 2.0G 2.0G 784K 100% /myapp-1
#用find查看比100M大的文件
[root@server ~ 09:57:29]# find /myapp-1/ -size +100M
/myapp-1/etc/bigfile
[root@server ~ 09:58:01]# du -s /myapp-1/* |sort -n |tail -2
2051888 /myapp-1/etc
[root@server ~ 09:58:24]# du -s /myapp-1/etc/* |sort -n |tail -2
19452 /myapp-1/etc/selinux
2019328 /myapp-1/etc/bigfile
[root@server ~ 09:58:41]# rm -f /myapp-1/etc/bigfile
[root@server ~ 10:00:48]# df -h /myapp-1/
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sdb1 2.0G 66M 2.0G 4% /myapp-1
找到文件后，删除即可。
情况2：删除文件后，空间没有释放
准备环境
[root@server ~ 10:00:55]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/myapp-1/etc/bigfile bs=1M count=2000
dd: 写入"/myapp-1/etc/bigfile" 出错: 设备上没有空间
记录了1973+0 的读入
记录了1972+0 的写出
2067988480字节(2.1 GB)已复制，0.709875 秒，2.9 GB/秒
#后台看日志
[root@server ~ 10:01:17]# tail -f /myapp-1/etc/bigfile &
[1] 1485
[root@server ~ 10:01:23]# rm -f /myapp-1/etc/bigfile
[root@server ~ 10:01:50]# df -h /myapp-1/
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sdb1 2.0G 2.0G 592K 100% /myapp-1
#如果没跳日志的话，要手动kill掉tail进程
[root@server ~ 10:02:02]# tail: 无法监视"/myapp-1/etc/bigfile": 没有那个文件或目录
[1]+ 退出 1 tail -f /myapp-1/etc/bigfile
#要先安装lsof软件包，lsof列出已打开的文件
[root@server ~ 10:02:25]# lsof |grep delete |grep /myapp-1
[root@server ~ 10:02:36]# df -h /myapp-1/
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sdb1 2.0G 66M 2.0G 4% /myapp-1
建议：清理大文件，先使用重定向清空文件内容，再删除文件。
情况3：大量的小文件占用空间
准备环境
[root@server ~ 10:02:50]# parted /dev/sdb unit MiB mkpart data02 ext4 2049 3073
信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@server ~ 10:27:09]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
文件系统标签=
OS type: Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
65536 inodes, 262144 blocks
13107 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376
Allocating group tables: 完成
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (8192 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
[root@server ~ 10:27:36]# mkdir /myapp-2
[root@server ~ 10:27:55]# mount /dev/sdb2 /myapp-2
[root@server ~ 10:28:04]# df -i /myapp-2
文件系统 Inode 已用(I) 可用(I) 已用(I)% 挂载点
/dev/sdb2 65536 11 65525 1% /myapp-2
[root@server ~ 10:28:20]# touch /myapp-2/file-{00001..65530}
touch: 无法创建"/myapp-2/file-65526": 设备上没有空间
touch: 无法创建"/myapp-2/file-65527": 设备上没有空间
touch: 无法创建"/myapp-2/file-65528": 设备上没有空间
touch: 无法创建"/myapp-2/file-65529": 设备上没有空间
touch: 无法创建"/myapp-2/file-65530": 设备上没有空间
[root@server ~ 10:29:02]# df -h /myapp-2/
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sdb2 976M 4.5M 905M 1% /myapp-2
原因：inode用完了
#-i inode
[root@server ~ 10:29:13]# df -hi /myapp-2
文件系统 Inode 已用(I) 可用(I) 已用(I)% 挂载点
/dev/sdb2 64K 64K 0 100% /myapp-2
#两种方法删除
[root@server ~ 10:29:30]# rm -f /myapp-2/file-0*
#或
[root@server ~ 10:29:56]# cat /myapp-2/file-{00001..10000}>file-00001
彻底擦除硬盘上数据
解答：
- 逻辑破坏：用0填充所有数据，例如
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb。 - 物理破坏，例如消磁。
Linux RAID 存储技术
本节主要介绍Linux系统下软RAID的搭建、管理及删除全流程实操，基于虚拟机环境（添加6块20G硬盘，分别为sdb、sdc、sdd、sde、sdf、sdg），使用mdadm工具完成软RAID的相关操作。
实操流程主要分为四个核心阶段：首先进行环境准备与工具安装，通过yum安装mdadm软件包，并使用lsblk命令查看磁盘信息，确认目标硬盘状态；其次创建RAID 0阵列，指定阵列设备为/dev/md0，采用2块硬盘（sdb、sdc）组建，创建后通过cat /proc/mdstat、mdadm --detail /dev/md0等命令查看阵列详情，验证阵列创建成功；随后对RAID阵列进行格式化（采用xfs文件系统）、创建挂载目录（/raid/raid0）并完成挂载，挂载后可正常进行数据读写操作；最后介绍RAID阵列的停止与删除方法，包括通过mdadm --stop停止阵列，再通过mdadm --zero-superblock清零RAID超级块，或使用wipefs命令查看并清空磁盘签名信息两种方式，彻底清除RAID残留，使磁盘恢复空闲状态以便后续重新使用。
环境准备
虚拟机添加6块20G 硬盘，sdb sdc sdd sde sdf sdg
RAID概述：
管理软 RAID
Linux 提供 mdadm 实用程序来创建和管理软件RAID。
#下载软件包
[root@server ~ 11:33:19]# yum install -y mdadm
[root@server ~ 11:34:11]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 199G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
├─centos-swap 253:1 0 3.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─centos-home 253:2 0 145.1G 0 lvm /home
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 20G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 20G 0 disk
sde 8:64 0 20G 0 disk
sdf 8:80 0 20G 0 disk
sdg 8:96 0 20G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 4.4G 0 rom
#创建RAID
[root@server ~ 11:34:24]# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level 0 --raid-devices 2 /dev/sd{b,c}
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
#查看RAID
[root@server ~ 11:34:30]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0]
md0 : active raid0 sdc[1] sdb[0]
41908224 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks
unused devices: <none>
[root@server ~ 11:34:51]# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Thu May 21 11:34:30 2026
Raid Level : raid0
Array Size : 41908224 (39.97 GiB 42.91 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Thu May 21 11:34:30 2026
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Chunk Size : 512K
Consistency Policy : none
Name : server.susan.cloud:0 (local to host server.susan.cloud)
UUID : 6e451b07:f4fab2dd:9938aa69:1b842208
Events : 0
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
[root@server ~ 11:35:05]# lsblk /dev/md0
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
md0 9:0 0 40G 0 raid0
[root@server ~ 11:35:19]# lsblk /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
└─md0 9:0 0 40G 0 raid0
sdc 8:32 0 20G 0 disk
└─md0 9:0 0 40G 0 raid0
#格式化
[root@server ~ 11:35:32]# mkfs.xfs /dev/md0
meta-data=/dev/md0 isize=512 agcount=16, agsize=654720 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=10475520, imaxpct=25
= sunit=128 swidth=256 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=5120, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=8 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@server ~ 11:35:46]# mkdir -p /raid/raid0
#挂载
[root@server ~ 11:35:59]# mount /dev/md0 /raid/raid0
[root@server ~ 11:36:12]# df -h /raid/raid0/
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/md0 40G 33M 40G 1% /raid/raid0
#创建数据
[root@server ~ 11:36:20]# cp /etc/ho* /raid/raid0/
[root@server ~ 11:36:57]# ls /raid/raid0/
host.conf hostname hosts hosts.allow hosts.deny
[root@server ~ 11:37:10]# umount /dev/md0
[root@server ~ 11:37:27]# mdadm --stop /dev/md0
mdadm: stopped /dev/md0
#两种方法删除RAID
[root@server ~ 11:37:36]# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sd{b,c}
#或
[root@server ~ 11:39:47]# wipefs /dev/sd{b,c} #查看
[root@server ~ 11:39:58]# wipefs -a /dev/sd{b,c} #-a全部清空
[root@server ~ 11:40:14]# wipefs /dev/sd{b,c} #再次查看
RAID1
创建RAID
#创建RAID
[root@server ~ 13:50:07]# mdadm --create /dev/md1 --level 1 --raid-devices 2 /dev/sd{b,c}
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to
store '/boot' on this device please ensure that
your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
--metadata=0.90
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
#查看RAID
[root@server ~ 13:51:05]# mdadm --detail /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Thu May 21 13:51:05 2026
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 20954112 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20954112 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Thu May 21 13:51:37 2026
State : clean, resyncing
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Consistency Policy : resync
Resync Status : 33% complete
Name : server.susan.cloud:1 (local to host server.susan.cloud)
UUID : 0851ab3e:4e9039e8:42c4c83e:35f498bd
Events : 5
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
#格式化
[root@server ~ 13:51:39]# mkfs.xfs /dev/md1
mkfs.xfs: /dev/md1 appears to contain an existing filesystem (xfs).
mkfs.xfs: Use the -f option to force overwrite.
[root@server ~ 13:52:21]# mkfs.xfs /dev/md1 -f
meta-data=/dev/md1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=1309632 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=5238528, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
#挂载
[root@server ~ 13:52:25]# mkdir /raid/raid1
[root@server ~ 13:53:07]# mount /dev/md1 /raid/raid1
[root@server ~ 13:53:34]# df -h /raid/raid1
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/md1 20G 33M 20G 1% /raid/raid1
#写点数据进去
[root@server ~ 13:53:43]# cp /etc/ho* /raid/raid1
[root@server ~ 13:54:00]# ls /raid/raid1/
host.conf hostname hosts hosts.allow hosts.deny
#增加热备盘
[root@server ~ 13:54:08]# mdadm --add /dev/md1 /dev/sdd
mdadm: added /dev/sdd
[root@server ~ 13:54:25]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 199G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
├─centos-swap 253:1 0 3.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─centos-home 253:2 0 145.1G 0 lvm /home
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
└─md1 9:1 0 20G 0 raid1 /raid/raid1
sdc 8:32 0 20G 0 disk
└─md1 9:1 0 20G 0 raid1 /raid/raid1
sdd 8:48 0 20G 0 disk
└─md1 9:1 0 20G 0 raid1 /raid/raid1
sde 8:64 0 20G 0 disk
sdf 8:80 0 20G 0 disk
sdg 8:96 0 20G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 4.4G 0 rom
[root@server ~ 13:54:39]# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 |tail -5
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
2 8 48 - spare /dev/sdd
#强制sdc故障
[root@server ~ 13:54:57]# mdadm --fail /dev/md1 /dev/sdc
mdadm: set /dev/sdc faulty in /dev/md1
#查看状态
[root@server ~ 13:55:36]# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 |tail -5
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb
2 8 48 1 spare rebuilding /dev/sdd
1 8 32 - faulty /dev/sdc
#发现数据依然可以访问
[root@server ~ 13:55:52]# ls /raid/raid1
host.conf hostname hosts hosts.allow hosts.deny
[root@server ~ 13:56:10]# cat /raid/raid1/hostname
server.susan.cloud
#删除故障磁盘
[root@server ~ 13:56:26]# mdadm --remove /dev/md1 /dev/sdc
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdc from /dev/md1
#删除RAID
[root@server ~ 13:56:51]# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 |tail -5
Events : 40
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb
2 8 48 1 spare rebuilding /dev/sdd
[root@server ~ 13:57:04]# umount /dev/md1
[root@server ~ 13:57:12]# mdadm --stop /dev/md1
mdadm: stopped /dev/md1
[root@server ~ 13:57:22]# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sd{b..d}
[root@server ~ 13:57:57]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 199G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
├─centos-swap 253:1 0 3.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─centos-home 253:2 0 145.1G 0 lvm /home
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 20G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 20G 0 disk
sde 8:64 0 20G 0 disk
sdf 8:80 0 20G 0 disk
sdg 8:96 0 20G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 4.4G 0 rom
RAID5
#创建一个包含4个块设备的raid5设备 /dev/md5
[root@server ~ 13:58:07]# mdadm --create /dev/md5 --level 5 --raid-devices 4 /dev/sd{b..e}
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md5 started.
#查看
[root@server ~ 14:06:42]# mdadm --detail /dev/md5
/dev/md5:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Thu May 21 14:06:42 2026
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 62862336 (59.95 GiB 64.37 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20954112 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Thu May 21 14:08:27 2026
State : clean
Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Consistency Policy : resync
Name : server.susan.cloud:5 (local to host server.susan.cloud)
UUID : 587a1054:3bdf5d44:1931431c:ccb13b8d
Events : 18
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd
4 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde
[root@server ~ 14:17:07]# lsblk /dev/md5
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
md5 9:5 0 60G 0 raid5
#格式化
[root@server ~ 14:17:20]# mkfs.xfs /dev/md5
mkfs.xfs: /dev/md5 appears to contain an existing filesystem (xfs).
mkfs.xfs: Use the -f option to force overwrite.
[root@server ~ 14:17:38]# mkfs.xfs /dev/md5 -f
meta-data=/dev/md5 isize=512 agcount=16, agsize=982144 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=15714304, imaxpct=25
= sunit=128 swidth=384 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=7680, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=8 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
#挂载
[root@server ~ 14:17:42]# mkdir /raid/raid5
[root@server ~ 14:18:07]# mount /dev/md5 /raid/raid5
[root@server ~ 14:18:13]# df -h /raid/raid5
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/md5 60G 33M 60G 1% /raid/raid5
#写点文件进去
[root@server ~ 14:18:21]# cp /etc/ho* /raid/raid5
[root@server ~ 14:18:37]# ls /raid/raid5
host.conf hostname hosts hosts.allow hosts.deny
#添加热备盘
[root@server ~ 14:18:43]# mdadm --add /dev/md5 /dev/sdf
mdadm: added /dev/sdf
[root@server ~ 14:19:04]# mdadm --detail /dev/md5 |tail -7
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd
4 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde
5 8 80 - spare /dev/sdf
#把热备盘设置故障
[root@server ~ 14:19:21]# mdadm --fail /dev/md5 /dev/sdb
mdadm: set /dev/sdb faulty in /dev/md5
[root@server ~ 14:19:55]# mdadm --detail /dev/md5 |tail -7
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
5 8 80 0 spare rebuilding /dev/sdf
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd
4 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde
0 8 16 - faulty /dev/sdb
#不影响数据访问
[root@server ~ 14:20:09]# ls /raid/raid5
host.conf hostname hosts hosts.allow hosts.deny
#删除损坏盘
[root@server ~ 14:20:30]# mdadm --remove /dev/md5 /dev/sdb
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdb from /dev/md5
[root@server ~ 14:21:03]# mdadm --detail /dev/md5|tail -7
Events : 38
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
5 8 80 0 spare rebuilding /dev/sdf
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd
4 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde
#扩容（RAID5只能扩容不能减容）
[root@server ~ 14:21:20]# mdadm --add /dev/md5 /dev/sdb /dev/sdg
mdadm: added /dev/sdb
mdadm: added /dev/sdg
[root@server ~ 14:21:55]# mdadm --detail /dev/md5 |tail -8
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
5 8 80 0 active sync /dev/sdf
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd
4 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde
6 8 16 - spare /dev/sdb
7 8 96 - spare /dev/sdg
#--grow扩容
[root@server ~ 14:22:16]# mdadm --grow /dev/md5 --raid-devices 5
#等待扩容完成
[root@server ~ 14:22:38]# mdadm --detail /dev/md5
/dev/md5:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Thu May 21 14:06:42 2026
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 62862336 (59.95 GiB 64.37 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20954112 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 5
Total Devices : 6
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Thu May 21 14:23:00 2026
State : clean, reshaping
Active Devices : 5
Working Devices : 6
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Consistency Policy : resync
Reshape Status : 27% complete
Delta Devices : 1, (4->5)
Name : server.susan.cloud:5 (local to host server.susan.cloud)
UUID : 587a1054:3bdf5d44:1931431c:ccb13b8d
Events : 77
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
5 8 80 0 active sync /dev/sdf
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd
4 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde
7 8 96 4 active sync /dev/sdg
6 8 16 - spare /dev/sdb
[root@server ~ 14:23:07]# mdadm --detail /dev/md5
/dev/md5:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Thu May 21 14:06:42 2026
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 83816448 (79.93 GiB 85.83 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20954112 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 5
Total Devices : 6
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Thu May 21 14:24:23 2026
State : clean
Active Devices : 5
Working Devices : 6
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Consistency Policy : resync
Name : server.susan.cloud:5 (local to host server.susan.cloud)
UUID : 587a1054:3bdf5d44:1931431c:ccb13b8d
Events : 87
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
5 8 80 0 active sync /dev/sdf
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd
4 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde
7 8 96 4 active sync /dev/sdg
6 8 16 - spare /dev/sdb
[root@server ~ 14:24:51]# lsblk /dev/md5
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
md5 9:5 0 80G 0 raid5 /raid/raid5
#刷新识别新增容量
[root@server ~ 14:25:38]# xfs_growfs /raid/raid5
meta-data=/dev/md5 isize=512 agcount=16, agsize=982144 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=15714304, imaxpct=25
= sunit=128 swidth=384 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=7680, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=8 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 15714304 to 20954112
[root@server ~ 14:25:50]# df -h /raid/raid5
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/md5 80G 34M 80G 1% /raid/raid5
#删除RAID
[root@server ~ 14:26:03]# umount /dev/md5
[root@server ~ 14:26:24]# mdadm --stop /dev/md5
mdadm: stopped /dev/md5
[root@server ~ 14:26:38]# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sd{b..g}
#在stop之后清除superblock之前可以重构RAID，使得文件恢复
[root@server ~ 14:27:00]# mdadm --assemble /dev/md5 /dev/sd{b..g}
Linux 逻辑卷管理
环境准备
虚拟机添加3块20G硬盘，sdb sdc sdd
#创建物理卷（单个pv）
[root@server ~ 15:08:50]# pvcreate /dev/sdb
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.
#创建物理卷（多个pv）
[root@server ~ 15:08:59]# pvcreate /dev/sd{c,d}
Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created.
Physical volume "/dev/sdd" successfully created.
#查看pv列表
[root@server ~ 15:09:17]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda2 centos lvm2 a-- <199.00g 4.00m
/dev/sdb lvm2 --- 20.00g 20.00g
/dev/sdc lvm2 --- 20.00g 20.00g
/dev/sdd lvm2 --- 20.00g 20.00g
#查看单个pv信息
[root@server ~ 15:09:21]# pvdisplay /dev/sdb
"/dev/sdb" is a new physical volume of "20.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb
VG Name
PV Size 20.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID HP2FDJ-q4F0-8pEe-sg8J-rFNJ-w6EF-swMijw
#创建卷组（包含单个pv的vg）
[root@server ~ 15:09:37]# vgcreate webapp /dev/sdb
Volume group "webapp" successfully created
#创建卷组（包含多个pv的vg）
[root@server ~ 15:10:09]# vgcreate dbapp /dev/sd{c,d}
Volume group "dbapp" successfully created
[root@server ~ 15:10:24]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda2 centos lvm2 a-- <199.00g 4.00m
/dev/sdb webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <20.00g
/dev/sdc dbapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <20.00g
/dev/sdd dbapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <20.00g
#查看vg列表
[root@server ~ 15:10:32]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 1 3 0 wz--n- <199.00g 4.00m
dbapp 2 0 0 wz--n- 39.99g 39.99g
webapp 1 0 0 wz--n- <20.00g <20.00g
#查看vg信息
[root@server ~ 15:10:42]# vgdisplay dbapp
--- Volume group ---
VG Name dbapp
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 39.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 10238
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 10238 / 39.99 GiB
VG UUID kIoCaq-uuqU-RgvC-raNd-k2pG-eTh1-Xh2v4I
#在卷组webapp中创建一个逻辑卷：名称为webapp01，大小为5G
[root@server ~ 15:11:30]# lvcreate -n webapp01 -L 5G webapp
Logical volume "webapp01" created.
#在卷组dbapp中创建一个跨硬盘逻辑卷：名称为data01，大小为25G。
[root@server ~ 15:11:58]# lvcreate -n data01 -L 25G dbapp
Logical volume "data01" created.
#查看LV列表
[root@server ~ 15:12:17]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
home centos -wi-ao---- <145.12g
root centos -wi-ao---- 50.00g
swap centos -wi-ao---- <3.88g
data01 dbapp -wi-a----- 25.00g
webapp01 webapp -wi-a----- 5.00g
[root@server ~ 15:12:21]# ls -l /dev/dbapp/data01 /dev/mapper/dbapp-data01
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 5月 21 15:12 /dev/dbapp/data01 -> ../dm-4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 5月 21 15:12 /dev/mapper/dbapp-data01 -> ../dm-4
#查看lv详细信息
[root@server ~ 15:12:53]# lvdisplay /dev/dbapp/data01
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/dbapp/data01
LV Name data01
VG Name dbapp
LV UUID NYEdCU-dpXa-iHv3-zcR5-CuEZ-3YcR-jAOu2m
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time server.susan.cloud, 2026-05-21 15:12:17 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 25.00 GiB
Current LE 6400
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:4
#物理卷/dev/sdc空间已使用完，物理卷/dev/sdd空间已使用5G
[root@server ~ 15:13:00]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda2 centos lvm2 a-- <199.00g 4.00m
/dev/sdb webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <15.00g
/dev/sdc dbapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g 0
/dev/sdd dbapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g 14.99g
#创建文件系统：格式化
[root@server ~ 15:13:30]# mkfs.xfs /dev/webapp/webapp01
meta-data=/dev/webapp/webapp01 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=327680 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=1310720, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
#挂载
[root@server ~ 15:14:06]# yum install -y nginx &
[root@server ~ 15:14:26]# mount /dev/webapp/webapp01 /usr/share/nginx/html
[root@server ~ 15:25:56]# echo Hellow world > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
#修改nginx配置文件，将其指向/usr/share/nginx/html
[root@server ~ 15:30:34]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
#在server中添加一行
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
[root@server ~ 15:31:02]# systemctl enable nginx.service --now
[root@server ~ 15:31:04]# systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@server ~ 15:31:13]# curl http://localhost
Hellow world
卸载
#取消挂载
[root@server ~ 15:31:15]# umount /dev/webapp/webapp01
#删除lv
[root@server ~ 15:52:05]# lvremove /dev/webapp/webapp01 /dev/dbapp/data01
Do you really want to remove active logical volume webapp/webapp01? [y/n]: y
Logical volume "webapp01" successfully removed
Do you really want to remove active logical volume dbapp/data01? [y/n]: y
Logical volume "data01" successfully removed
#删除vg
[root@server ~ 15:52:29]# vgremove webapp dbapp
Volume group "webapp" successfully removed
Volume group "dbapp" successfully removed
#删除pv
[root@server ~ 15:52:41]# pvremove /dev/sd{b..d}
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully wiped.
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully wiped.
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdd" successfully wiped.
扩展和缩减卷组
#创建卷组
[root@server ~ 15:55:17]# vgcreate webapp /dev/sdb
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.
Volume group "webapp" successfully created
#创建逻辑卷
[root@server ~ 16:18:14]# lvcreate -n webapp01 -L 10G webapp
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/webapp/webapp01 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: yes
Wiping xfs signature on /dev/webapp/webapp01.
Logical volume "webapp01" created.
#扩展卷组
[root@server ~ 16:18:49]# vgextend webapp /dev/sd{c,d}
Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created.
Physical volume "/dev/sdd" successfully created.
Volume group "webapp" successfully extended
[root@server ~ 16:19:10]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda2 centos lvm2 a-- <199.00g 4.00m
/dev/sdb webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <10.00g
/dev/sdc webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <20.00g
/dev/sdd webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <20.00g
#缩减卷组
#将物理卷/dev/sdb从卷组webapp中剔除，则会报错
[root@server ~ 16:19:17]# vgreduce webapp /dev/sdb
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" still in use
#将物理卷/dev/sdb中数据移动到卷组中其他物理卷
[root@server ~ 16:19:31]# pvmove /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb: Moved: 1.02%
/dev/sdb: Moved: 100.00%
[root@server ~ 16:20:12]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda2 centos lvm2 a-- <199.00g 4.00m
/dev/sdb webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <20.00g
/dev/sdc webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <10.00g
/dev/sdd webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <20.00g
#再次剔除，成功
[root@server ~ 16:21:17]# vgreduce webapp /dev/sdb
Removed "/dev/sdb" from volume group "webapp"
[root@server ~ 16:21:31]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda2 centos lvm2 a-- <199.00g 4.00m
/dev/sdb lvm2 --- 20.00g 20.00g
/dev/sdc webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <10.00g
/dev/sdd webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <20.00g
扩展和缩减逻辑卷
扩展逻辑卷
如果逻辑卷空间不足，在卷组空间充足的情况下，也可以扩展逻辑卷空间。
#逻辑卷增加2G空间
[root@server ~ 16:21:34]# lvextend -L +2G /dev/webapp/webapp01
Size of logical volume webapp/webapp01 changed from 10.00 GiB (2560 extents) to 12.00 GiB (3072 extents).
Logical volume webapp/webapp01 successfully resized.
[root@server ~ 16:23:00]# lvs /dev/webapp/webapp01
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
webapp01 webapp -wi-a----- 12.00g
缩减逻辑卷
如果逻辑卷空间充足，希望将多余的空间缩减出来它用，也可以缩减逻辑卷空间。
#逻辑卷缩减2G空间
[root@server ~ 16:23:09]# lvreduce -L -2G /dev/webapp/webapp01
WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 10.00 GiB.
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce webapp/webapp01? [y/n]: y
Size of logical volume webapp/webapp01 changed from 12.00 GiB (3072 extents) to 10.00 GiB (2560 extents).
Logical volume webapp/webapp01 successfully resized.
[root@server ~ 16:23:29]# lvs /dev/webapp/webapp01
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
webapp01 webapp -wi-a----- 10.00g
扩展和缩减文件系统
扩展 XFS 文件系统
XFS文件系统只支持扩展，不支持缩减。
#环境准备：格式化文件系统，并创建数据
[root@server ~ 16:23:40]# mkfs.xfs /dev/webapp/webapp01
meta-data=/dev/webapp/webapp01 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=655360 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2621440, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@server ~ 16:24:43]# mount /dev/webapp/webapp01 /usr/share/nginx/html
[root@server ~ 16:25:16]# cp /etc/host* /usr/share/nginx/html
[root@server ~ 16:25:24]# ls /usr/share/nginx/html host.conf hostname hosts hosts.allow hosts.deny
host.conf hostname hosts hosts.allow hosts.deny
#扩展逻辑卷
[root@server ~ 16:25:31]# lvextend -L 15G /dev/webapp/webapp01
Size of logical volume webapp/webapp01 changed from 10.00 GiB (2560 extents) to 15.00 GiB (3840 extents).
Logical volume webapp/webapp01 successfully resized.
[root@server ~ 16:26:03]# lvs /dev/webapp/webapp01
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
webapp01 webapp -wi-ao---- 15.00g
#扩展文件系统
[root@server ~ 16:26:34]# xfs_growfs /usr/share/nginx/html
meta-data=/dev/mapper/webapp-webapp01 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=655360 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2621440, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 2621440 to 3932160
[root@server ~ 16:26:47]# df -h /usr/share/nginx/html/
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/webapp-webapp01 15G 33M 15G 1% /usr/share/nginx/html
[root@server ~ 16:27:00]# ls /usr/share/nginx/html/
host.conf hostname hosts hosts.allow hosts.deny
#块设备和文件系统一并扩展
[root@server ~ 16:27:11]# lvextend -rL 20G /dev/webapp/webapp01
Size of logical volume webapp/webapp01 changed from 15.00 GiB (3840 extents) to 20.00 GiB (5120 extents).
Logical volume webapp/webapp01 successfully resized.
meta-data=/dev/mapper/webapp-webapp01 isize=512 agcount=6, agsize=655360 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=3932160, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 3932160 to 5242880
[root@server ~ 16:27:38]# lvs /dev/webapp/webapp01
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
webapp01 webapp -wi-ao---- 20.00g
[root@server ~ 16:27:53]# df -h /usr/share/nginx/html
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/webapp-webapp01 20G 33M 20G 1% /usr/share/nginx/html
扩展 EXT4 文件系统
EXT4文件系统即支持扩展，也支持缩减。
#环境配置
[root@server ~ 16:32:07]# umount /usr/share/nginx/html
[root@server ~ 16:32:56]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/webapp/webapp01
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
文件系统标签=
OS type: Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1638400 inodes, 6553600 blocks
327680 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2155872256
200 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Allocating group tables: 完成
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
[root@server ~ 16:33:14]# mount /dev/webapp/webapp01 /usr/share/nginx/html
[root@server ~ 16:33:51]# df -h /usr/share/nginx/html/
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/webapp-webapp01 25G 45M 24G 1% /usr/share/nginx/html
[root@server ~ 16:34:03]# cp /etc/host* /usr/share/nginx/html/
#扩展逻辑卷
[root@server ~ 16:34:40]# lvextend -L 25G /dev/webapp/webapp01
New size (6400 extents) matches existing size (6400 extents)
[root@server ~ 16:35:59]# lvextend -L +5G /dev/webapp/webapp01
Size of logical volume webapp/webapp01 changed from 25.00 GiB (6400 extents) to 30.00 GiB (7680 extents).
Logical volume webapp/webapp01 successfully resized.
#扩展文件系统
[root@server ~ 16:36:39]# resize2fs /dev/webapp/webapp01
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/webapp/webapp01 is mounted on /usr/share/nginx/html; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 4, new_desc_blocks = 4
The filesystem on /dev/webapp/webapp01 is now 7864320 blocks long.
[root@server ~ 16:36:50]# df -h /usr/share/nginx/html
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/webapp-webapp01 30G 45M 28G 1% /usr/share/nginx/html
[root@server ~ 16:37:09]# ls /usr/share/nginx/html/
host.conf hostname hosts hosts.allow hosts.deny lost+found
#块设备和文件系统一并扩展
[root@server ~ 16:37:49]# lvextend -rL 35G /dev/webapp/webapp01
Size of logical volume webapp/webapp01 changed from 30.00 GiB (7680 extents) to 35.00 GiB (8960 extents).
Logical volume webapp/webapp01 successfully resized.
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/webapp-webapp01 is mounted on /usr/share/nginx/html; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 4, new_desc_blocks = 5
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/webapp-webapp01 is now 9175040 blocks long.
[root@server ~ 16:38:08]# lvs /dev/webapp/webapp01
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
webapp01 webapp -wi-ao---- 35.00g
[root@server ~ 16:38:23]# df -h /dev/webapp/webapp01
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/webapp-webapp01 35G 48M 33G 1% /usr/share/nginx/html
缩减 EXT4 文件系统
缩减EXT4文件系统注意事项：
- 不支持在线缩减，必须卸载后缩减。
- 缩减后的容量，不能小于当前使用的容量。
#卸载文件系统
[root@server ~ 16:38:41]# umount /usr/share/nginx/html
#检测文件系统
[root@server ~ 16:40:47]# e2fsck -f /dev/webapp/webapp01
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
第一步: 检查inode,块,和大小
第二步: 检查目录结构
第3步: 检查目录连接性
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
第5步: 检查簇概要信息
/dev/webapp/webapp01: 16/2293760 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 189047/9175040 blocks
#缩减文件系统
[root@server ~ 16:40:57]# resize2fs /dev/webapp/webapp01 10G
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/webapp/webapp01 to 2621440 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/webapp/webapp01 is now 2621440 blocks long.
#缩减逻辑卷
[root@server ~ 16:41:17]# lvreduce -L 10G /dev/webapp/webapp01
WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 10.00 GiB.
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce webapp/webapp01? [y/n]: yes
Size of logical volume webapp/webapp01 changed from 35.00 GiB (8960 extents) to 10.00 GiB (2560 extents).
Logical volume webapp/webapp01 successfully resized.
#挂载验证
[root@server ~ 16:41:53]# mount /dev/webapp/webapp01 /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@server ~ 16:42:11]# df -h /usr/share/nginx/html/
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/webapp-webapp01 9.8G 37M 9.2G 1% /usr/share/nginx/html
[root@server ~ 16:42:22]# ls /usr/share/nginx/html/
host.conf hostname hosts hosts.allow hosts.deny lost+found
openEuler 是由开放原子开源基金会孵化的全场景开源操作系统项目，面向数字基础设施四大核心场景（服务器、云计算、边缘计算、嵌入式），全面支持 ARM、x86、RISC-V、loongArch、PowerPC、SW-64 等多样性计算架构
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